Reconstruction (1866-1877)

His catholicity was expressed in his concern for the unity of the church and in his commitment to the Bible as the church’s book. He insisted that the Bible is both human and divine: its form is human, and its content is divine.

In 1896 Earle defeated the unpopular John Gary Evans for the Democratic nomination to the U.S. Senate in the state’s first direct primary.

As with many other towns in South Carolina’s upcountry, the railroad and cotton mills brought dramatic growth to Easley.

In 1893 Edwards began his architectural career in Roanoke, Virginia, as a draftsman for Charles Coker Wilson, who returned to South Carolina in 1895 with Edwards to open an office in Columbia.

It must be remembered, however, that the full voting strength of white South Carolina was still insufficient to win a fair election. According to an 1875 special state census, South Carolina had 74,193 white men over age twenty-one and 110,735 black men over age twenty-one.

White “gun clubs” scoured the region around Ellenton from September 16 through September 19, ostensibly searching for the attackers of the elderly woman.

Ellerbe entered politics in 1889 when he joined the Farmers Alliance. However, his membership was suspended when it was discovered that he engaged in merchandising.

In South Carolina, Elliott’s education and ability quickly placed him among the most influential African Americans in the state.

As early as January 1861 slaves were running away from plantations north of Charleston and along the Savannah River, and the appearance of Federal vessels along the coast encouraged further escapes.

After the war, Ensor became active in the Republican Party and moved to South Carolina. In 1870 Governor Robert K. Scott appointed him superintendent of the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum.

Despite its black leadership, the Enterprise Railroad created some tension within Charleston’s African American community.

Though he was a lawyer rather than a farmer, Evans had strong ties to the “Reform” or “Farmers’” movement of Benjamin R. Tillman.

During the Depression, Evans concentrated on providing maternity and infant health care after federal funds for those services ceased.

In South Carolina, the Alliance movement “swept over our state like a wave” in the late 1880s, first appearing in the Pee Dee region.

The first boats were large canoes or flat-bottom scows that were powered by paddles, oars, or poles. Within one hundred years, flatboats capable of holding a wagon or carriage had become commonplace.

With the arrival of Europeans, natives created the first commercial fisheries, trading seafood for firearms and clothing.

Created by an act of Congress in March 1865, the bureau grew out of efforts by northern Republicans and reformers to bring the free labor society and culture of the antebellum North to the post-emancipation South.

Interest in social concerns and women’s issues quickened in this period, and Frost, who never married, became actively involved in women’s club work and the women’s suffrage movement.

Fuller believed that he had been sanctified in 1895 after he retreated to a cornfield for a time of intense prayer.

A phenomenon of the Reconstruction period, “fusionism” describes the awkward and short-lived political alliance between moderate wings of the South’s Democratic and Republican Parties.